Genetic basis of the hallmarks of aging -

Aging process	Genetic explanation
Altered intracellular communication	Changes in hormones and neuronal pathways that lead to aging due to an overactive inflammatory response and thereby a decreased neurohormonal response
Genomic instability	Increase in number of mutations in DNA
Telomere attrition	Refers to the chromosomes in your DNA progressively getting shorter, meaning there is a loss of information in your DNA which leads to more genomic instability
Epigenetic alterations	Changes in gene expression that do not affect DNA sequence
Loss of proteostasis	Loss of stability of proteins, molecules which regulate nearly everything in your body either directly or indirectly
Deregulated nutrient-sensing	Hormones that normally intercept signals of hunger or satiety function inadequately, leads to insulin resistance for example
Mitochondrial dysfunction	Loss of function in mitochondria, the key organelle responsible for cellular energy production
Cellular senescence	Cells that stop dividing and multiplying, can be caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species) for instance
Stem cell exhaustion	Stem cells (cells that uniquely can develop into any cell type in the body) lose the ability to divide and gradually cannot be replaced anymore causing their exhaustion (causes grey hair for instance, as the cells responsible for regenerating hair pigment die)

Genetic basis of the hallmarks of aging